Nanoformulation-Based 1,2,3-Triazole Sulfonamides for Anti-Toxoplasma In Vitro Study

Toxoplasma gondii is deemed a successful parasite worldwide with wide range of hosts. Currently, combination pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine serves as the first-line treatment; however, these drugs have serious adverse effects. Therefore, it imperative to focus on new therapies that produce desired effect lowest possible dose. The designation synthesis sulfonamide-1,2,3-triazole hybrids (3a–c) were performed create hybrid frameworks. newly synthesized compounds loaded chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) form nanoformulations (3a.CNP, 3b.CNP, 3c.CNP) for further in vitro investigation an anti-Toxoplasma treatment. current study demonstrated all examined active against T. relative control drug, sulfadiazine. 3c.CNP showed best impact IC50 value 3.64 µg/mL. Using light microscopy, was found Vero cells treated three nanoformulae remarkable morphological improvement, tachyzoites rarely seen cells. Moreover, scanning transmission electron microscopic studies confirmed efficacy prepared parasites. All them caused ultrastructural damage altered morphology, suggesting cytopathic hence confirming their promising activity.